½ðÃÅ´óÇÅÊÇÊÀ½çÖøÃûµÄÇÅÁºÖ®Ò»£¬Êǽü´úÇÅÁº¹¤³ÌµÄÒ»ÏîÆæ¼££¬Ò²±»ÈÏΪÊǾɽðɽµÄÏóÕ÷¡£´óÇÅÐÛÖÅÓÚÃÀ¹ú¼ÓÀû¸£ÄáÑÇÖݳ¤1900¶àÃ׵ĽðÃź£Ï¿Ö®ÉÏ£¬Àúʱ4ÄêºÍ10Íò¶à¶Ö¸Ö²Ä£¬ºÄ×Ê´ï3550ÍòÃÀÔª½¨³É£¬ÓÉÊ·ÌØÀÍ˹Éè¼Æ¡£ÒòÆäÀúÊ·¼ÛÖµ£¬ÓÚ2007ÄêÓÉÓ¢¡¢ÃÀÁ½¹úºÏÅijÉͬÃû¼Í¼Ƭ¡£
½ðÃÅ´óÇŵÄÉè¼ÆÕßÊǹ¤³ÌʦʷÌØÀÍ˹£¬ÈËÃÇ°ÑËûµÄÍÏñ°²¶ÙÔÚÇÅÅÏ£¬ÓÃÒÔ¼ÍÄîËû¶ÔÃÀ¹ú×÷³öµÄТ¾´¡£´óÇÅÐÛÖÅÓÚÃÀ¹ú¼ÓÀû¸£ÄáÑÇÖÝ¿í1900¶àÃ׵ĽðÃź£Ï¿Ö®ÉÏ¡£½ðÃź£Ï¿Îª¾É½ðɽº£ÍåÈë¿Ú´¦£¬Á½°¶¶¸¾þ£¬º½µÀË®ÉΪ1579ÄêÓ¢¹ú̽ÏÕ¼Ò¸¥ÀÊÎ÷˹?µÂÀ׿˷¢Ã÷£¬²¢ÓÉËûÃüÃû¡£
½ðÃÅ´óÇŵı±¶ËÁ¬½Ó±±¼ÓÀû¸£ÄáÑÇ£¬Ä϶ËÁ¬½Ó¾É½ðɽ°ëµº¡£µ±´¬Ö»Ê»½ø¾É½ðɽ£¬´Ó¼×°åÉϾÙÄ¿Ô¶Íû£¬Ê×ÏÈÓ³ÈëÑÛÁ±µÄ¾ÍÊÇ´óÇŵľÞÐθÖËþ¡£¸ÖËþËÊÁ¢ÔÚ´óÇÅÄϱ±Á½²à£¬¸ß342Ã×£¬ÆäÖкá¿çË®Ã沿·ÖΪ227Ã×£¬Ï൱ÓÚÒ»×ù70²ã¸ßµÄ½¨ÖþÎï¡£ËþµÄ¶¥¶ËÓÃÁ½¸ùÖ±¾¶¸÷Ϊ92.7ÀåÃס¢ÖØ2.45Íò¶ÖµÄ¸ÖÀÂÏàÁ¬£¬
¸ÖÀÂÖеãÏ´¹£¬ÏÕЩ½Ó½üÇÅÉí£¬¸ÖÀºÍÇÅÉíÖ®¼äÓÃÒ»¸ù¸ùϸ¸ÖÉþÁ¬½ÓÆðÀ´¡£¸ÖÀÂÁ½¶ËÉìÑÓµ½°¶ÉÏ궨ÓÚÑÒʯÖС£´óÇÅÇÅÌåƾ½èÇÅÁ½²àÁ½¸ù¸ÖÀÂËù±¬·¢µÄ¾Þ´óÀÁ¦¸ßÐüÔÚ°ë¿ÕÖ®ÖС£¸ÖËþÖ®¼äµÄ´óÇÅ¿ç¶È´ï1280Ã×£¬ÎªÊÀ½çËù½¨´óÇÅÖÐÏ¡Óеĵ¥¿×³¤¿ç¾à´óµõÇÅÖ®Ò»¡£´Óº£Ãæµ½ÇÅÖÐÐIJ¿µÄ¸ß¶ÈÔ¼60Ã×£¬ÓÖ¿íÓָߣ¬ËùÒÔ×ÝÈ»Õdz±Ê±£¬´óÐÍ´¬Ö»Ò²ÄÜÁ÷ͨÎÞ×è¡£
°üÀ¨´Ó¸ÖËþÁ½¶ËÑÓÉì³öÈ¥µÄ²¿·Ö£¬È«³¤´ï2737Ã×£¬Îª´Ë£¬ÓÖ»®·ÖÔÚÁ½²àÐÞ½¨ÁËÁ½×ù¸¨Öú¸ÖËþ£¬Ê¹ÇÅÐÎÔ½·¢×³¹Û¡£´óÇŵÄÇÅÃæ¿í27.4Ã×£¬ÓÐ6Ìõ³µÐеÀºÍÁ½Ìõ¿í³¨µÄÈËÐеÀ¡£´óÇŵÄÉè¼ÆÕßÊǹ¤³ÌʦԼɪ·ò?˹ÌØÀÍ˹£¬ÈËÃÇΪ¼ÍÄîËû¶ÔÃÀ¹ú×÷³öµÄТ¾´£¬°ÑËûµÄÈ«ÉíÍÏñ°²¶ÙÔÚÇÅÅÏ¡£ÍÏñÐÎÏóÉú¶¯£¬ÉñÇé×ÔÈô¡£
½ðÃÅ´óÇÅÓÚ1933Ä궯¹¤£¬1937Äê5Ô¿¢¹¤¡£Õû¸ö´óÇÅÔìÐÍÐÛΰ׳¹Û¡¢ÆÓËØÎÞ»ª¡£ÇÅÉí³ÊÖìºìÉ«£¬ºáÎÔÓڱ̺£°×ÀËÖ®ÉÏ£¬»ªµÆ³õ·Å£¬Èç¾ÞÁúÁè¿Õ£¬Ê¹¾É½ðɽÊеÄÒ¹¿Õ¾°É«Ô½·¢×³Àö¡£
1579ÄêÓ¢¹ú̽ÏÕ¼ÒFrancisDrake·¢Ã÷ÁËÁ¬½á̫ƽÑóºÍ¾É½ðɽµÄÒ»¸öº£Ï¿£¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇØʺóµÄ½ðÃÅ¡£¾¡¹ÜÕâ¸öÃû×ÖÔÚ1849ÄêµÄÌÔ½ð³±ÒÔÇ°Ôç¾ÍʹÓ㬵«ÌÔ½ð³±Ê¹µÃ½ðÃÅ£¨½øÈë±±CaliforniaµÄÈë¿Ú£©³ÉÁ˼ÓÀû¸£ÄáÑÇÉñÃØ÷ÈÁ¦²»¿Éȱ°±ÉÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£ÔçÔÚ1872Äê¾ÍÌÖÂÛ¹ýÒªÔÚ½ðÃź£Ï¿ÐÞ½¨Ò»×ù´óÇŵÄÏë·¨£¬¿ÉÊÇÖ±µ½1937Äê²ÅÔÚº£Ï¿ÉÏÐÞÁËÒ»×ùÐüË÷ÇÅ¡£½ðÃÅ´óÇźá¿çÄϱ±£¬½«¾É½ðɽÊÐÓëMarinÏØÁ¬½áÆðÀ´¡£»¨·ÑËÄÄê¶àʱ¼äÐÞ½¨µÄÕâ×ùÇÅÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×îƯÁÁµÄ½á¹¹Ö®Ò»¡£ËüÒѲ»ÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×µÄÐüË÷ÇÅ£¬µ«ËüÈ´ÊÇ×îÖøÃûµÄ¡£½ðÃÅ´óÇŵľ޴óÇÅËþ¸ß227Ã×£¬Ã¿¸ù¸ÖË÷ÖØ6412¹«¶Ö£¬ÓÉ27000¸ù¸ÖË¿½Ê³É¡£
½ðÃÅ´óÇŵÄ×î³õµÄ¹¹ÏëÀ´Ô´ÓÚÇÅÁº¹¤³ÌʦԼɪ·ò?˹ÌØÀÍ˹¡£Ë¹ÌØÀÍ˹ÔÚ´ËÇ°Éè¼ÆÁË400¶à×ùÄÚ½µÄСÐÍÇÅÁº¡£Ëû»¨ÁË10¶àÄêʱ¼äÓÎ˵±±¼ÓÖݵľÓÃñ¡£Õâ×ùÇŵÄÆäËûÖ÷ÒªÉè¼ÆÕß°üÀ¨¾ö¶¨ÆäÒÕÊõÔìÐͺÍÑÕÉ«µÄ°¬¶ûÎÄ?ĪÂÞ¡¢ÏàÖú½øÐÐÅÓ´óµÄÊýѧÍÆËãµÄ¹¤³Ìʦ²é¶û˹?°£Àï˹¡¢ÇÅÁºÉè¼ÆʦÀï°º?ĪÒÁÈû¸¥¡£
´óÇÅÓÚ1937Äê5ÔÂ27ÈÕ¶ÔÍ⿪·ÅÓÚÐÐÈË¡£Ë¹ÌØÀÍ˹ÔÚÄÏÇŶս½Öþ»ìÄýÍÁ֮ǰ·ÅÈëÁËÒ»¿éÈ¡×ÔËûµÄĸУ¶íº¥¶íÖÝÐÁÐÁÄÇÌá´óѧµÄשͷ¡£ÒîÈÕ£¬Ëæ×ÅÂÞ˹¸£×ÜͳÔÚ»ªÊ¢¶Ù°´ÏÂÒ»¸öµçÅ¥£¬¸Ã´óÇÅÕýʽ¶ÔÍ⿪·ÅÓèÆû³µÊ¹Óá£
¾É½ðɽµØÇøµÄÑ¡ÃñÃÇÒÔ×Ô¼ºµÄסլ¡¢Å©³¡ºÍ¹«Ë¾ÎªµäÖÊ£¬¿¯ÐÐÁË×î³õµÄ3500ÍòÃÀÔªµÄ¹¤³Ìծȯ¡£1977Ä꣬×îºóÒ»±Êծȯ±»¸¶Ç壬ÆäÖÐ3500ÍòÃÀÔªµÄ±¾½ðºÍ3900ÍòÃÀÔªµÄÀûϢȫÀ´×Ô¹ýÇŷѵÄÊÕÈë¡£
ÃÀ¹ú¾É½ðɽµÄµØ±ê½ðÃÅ´óÇÅÔÚ2007Äê5ÔÂ27ÈնȹýÁËÆßÊ®Ëê¡°ÉúÈÕ¡±¡£½ðÃÅ´óÇÅÐÐÕþÇøÈÕÇ°Ðû²¼Ò»·ÝÕýʽµÄ±¨¸æ£¬¸ø½¨ÇÅ֮ǰһλÃûΪ°¬Àï˹µÄÖ÷Òª¹¤³ÌʦӦÓеÄÈÙÓþ¡£Ò»Ö±µ½ÉϸöÐÇÆÚ£¬½ðÃÅ´óÇŵÄÀͼ¨²¾ÀﶼûÓÐËûµÄÃû×Ö¡£
˹ÌØÀÍ˹×÷Ϊ¸ÃÇŵÄÊ×ϯ¹¤³Ìʦºã¾ÃÒÔÀ´±»·âΪ½ðÃÅ´óÇÅÖ®¸¸£¬ÏíÓжþÊ®ÊÀ¼Í×îΰ´ó¹¤³Ìʦ֮һµÄÈÙÓþ¡£½ðÃÅ´óÇÅβ¶ËÓÐÒ»×ùµñÏñ£¬ÊÇÒ»¾ÅÈý°ËÄêËûÊÅÊÀºóΪ¼ÍÄîËû¶øÉèÁ¢µÄ¡£
¿ÉÊǽðÃÅ´óÇŵÄÉè¼ÆºÍÉÏǧ±Ê½¨ÇÅËùÐèÒªµÄÖØÒªÊýѧÅÌË㣬ÔÚ24ÈÕÐû²¼µÄÐÂÊé¡°½ðÃÅ´óÇÅ£º×ܹ¤³Ìʦ±¨¸æ2¡±£¬ÆäʵÊÇÓÉÃûΪ°¬Àï˹µÄ¹¤³ÌʦÍê³ÉµÄ¡£°¬Àï˹ȴÔÚ½ðÃÅ´óÇÅ¿ª¹¤Ç°±»½â¹Í£¬Ë¹ÌØÀÍ˹ÇÀÁËËùÓеÄÀͼ¨¡£°¬Àï˹»Øµ½´óѧ½ÌÊ飬ÓÚ1949ÄêÊÅÊÀ¡£
ÆßÊ®Äêºó£¬½¨ÇŵÄԪѫ»ñµÃÁ˳ÙÀ´µÄ¿Ï¶¨¡£ÉñÃصĴ«Ææ²¢²»Ó°ÏìÿÌìÊ®ÍòͨÇÚ×壬¿çÇÅÍùÀ´¾É½ðɽÓë±±±ß°ëµº¡£½ðÃÅ´óÇŵÄÐÎÏó³ÉΪ¾É½ðɽ×î¼ÑµÄ´úÑÔ£¬Æ¾¾Ýͳ¼Æ£¬Ã¿¸öÔÂÔ¼ÓÐÒ»°ÙÍòÓοÍÀ´µ½´ËµØ¡£ÏÖÓÐÁ½°Ù¸öÈË¡°Ëźò¡±½ðÃÅ´óÇÅ£¬°üÀ¨ÊÕ¹ýÇÅ·Ñ¡¢Î¬ÐÞºÍÓÍÆá¸ÖË÷µÈÊÂÇé¡£½ðÃÅ´óÇŵÄÑÕÉ«²¢²»ÊÇÕýºì£¬¶øÊǺ졢»ÆºÍºÚ»ìÏýµÄ¡°¹ú¼ÊéÙ¡±£¬ÓÍÆṤ±ØÐëÔÚÒƶ¯µÄÓ¥¼ÜÉÏÓÍÆᣬÏÈÓÃѹÁ¦ÇåÏ´£¬È»ºóÉÏÈý²ãÓÍÆᣬÁíһλͬÊ°óÔÚÒÀ¸½ÓÚ¸ÖË÷µÄÖ©ÖëÍø£¬×öÓÍÆá¼ì²éµÄÊÂÇé¡£½ðÃÅ´óÇÅÓÐÃÀ¸ÐÒ²ÓÐÎÊÌâ¡£½ðÃÅ´óÇÅÒÔŨÎíÎÅÃû£¬µ«ÎíºÍ¶¬Ó궼Êǽṹ¸ÖÌúµÄ×î´ó³ðÈË£¬ÑÏÖصÄÉúÐ⣬ËùÓÐÎå°ÙÌõÐüµõ¸ÖË÷·Öʱ·Ö¶Î¶¼¸üйý¡£ÆßÊ®ÄêÀ´ÓÐÈý´ÎÒòΪ·çÌ«´ó£¬¡°·ç¡±Ëø´óÇÅ¡£
1957Äê֮ǰ½ðÃÅ´óÇÅÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×µÄÐüË÷ÇÅ£¬Á½¸öÇŶÕÔÚ1964Äê֮ǰӵÓÐÊÀ½çÉÏÐüË÷ÇÅÖÐ×µÄ¿ç¶È¡£ÕâÁ½¸ö¸ß342Ã×µÄÇÅËþÖ±µ½ÈÕ±¾Ã÷ʯº£Ï¿´óÇÅ¿¢¹¤Ç°ÕÕ¾ÉÊÀ½çÉÏ×î¸ßµÄÐüË÷ÇÅÇÅËþ¡£
½ðÃÅ´óÇÅÇÅÉíµÄÑÕɫΪ¹ú¼ÊéÙ£¬Òò½¨Öþʦ°¬¶ûÎÄ?ĪÂÞÈÏΪ´ËÉ«¼ÈºÍÖܱßÇé¿öе÷£¬ÓÖ¿Éʹ´óÇÅÔÚ½ðÃź£Ï¿³£¼ûµÄ´óÎíÖÐÏԵøüÐÑÄ¿¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâ×ù´óÇÅÐÂÓ±µÄ½á¹¹ºÍ³¬·²ÍÑË×µÄÍâ¹Û£¬ËùÒÔËü±»¹ú¼ÊÇÅÁº¹¤³Ì½ç¹ã·ºÈÏΪÊÇÃÀµÄ¹æ·¶£¬¸ü±»ÃÀ¹ú½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌʦлáÆÀΪÏÖ´úµÄÊÀ½çÆæ¼£Ö®Ò»¡£ËüÒ²ÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×îÉϾµµÄ´óÇÅÖ®Ò»¡£
½ðÃÅ´óÇÅά»¤ÊÂÇéÖУ¬¸øÇÅÉí²»¾øÍ¿Ë¢ÓÍÆáÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»ÏîÄÚÈÝ¡£
½ðÃÅ´óÇŵÄά»¤ÊÂÇ黹°üÀ¨²»¾øµÄ¼Ó¹ÌÊÂÇ飬ÔÚ1989Äêµ×±¬·¢Loma Prieta´óµØ¶¯ºó£¬Õþ¸®Æ¸Çëר¼Ò¶Ô½ðÃÅ´óÇŵÄÈíÈõÐÔ½øÐÐÁËÏêϸÆÀ¹À£¬²¢Öƶ¨Á˼ӹ̼ƻ®£¬·ÖÈýÆÚ¹¤³Ìʵʩ£¬µÚ¶þÆڼӹ̹¤³ÌÒÑÓÚ2006ÄêÖÐÍê³É¡£
ÓÉÓÚÕâ×ù´óÇÅÐÂÓ±µÄ½á¹¹ºÍ³¬·²ÍÑË×µÄÍâ¹Û£¬Ëü±»¹ú¼ÊÇÅÁº¹¤³Ì½ç¹ã·ºÈÏΪÊÇÃÀµÄ¹æ·¶¡£
½ðÃÅ´óÇÅά»¤ÊÂÇéÖУ¬¸øÇÅÉí²»¾øÍ¿Ë¢ÓÍÆáÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»ÏîÄÚÈÝ¡£2011Äê5Ô¿ªÊ¼Ê״νøÐÐÕûÌåÖØÆᣬÈÔȻʹÓùú¼ÊéÙ¡£Ô¤¼Æ½«ãýÃðËÄÄêÍ깤¡£ÕâÊǽðÃÅ´óÇÅ¿ªÍ¨½ü75ÄêÀ´Ê×´ÎÖØÆá¡££¨±à¼£ºÒ×ˬ£©
ÉÏһƪ£º
ÏÂһƪ£º